What this is and isn't.
DNS is the Domain Name System. DNS converts machine names to the IP addresses that all machines on the net have. It translates (or "maps" as the jargon would have it) from name to address and from address to name, and some other things. This HOWTO documents how to define such mappings using Unix system, with a few things specific to Linux.
A mapping is simply an association between two things, in this case
a machine name, like ftp.linux.org, and the machine's IP number
(or address) 199.249.150.4. DNS also contains mappings the other
way, from the IP number to the machine name; this is called a "reverse
mapping".
DNS is, to the uninitiated (you ;-), one of the more opaque areas of network administration. Fortunately DNS isn't really that hard. This HOWTO will try to make a few things clearer. It describes how to set up a simple DNS name server, starting with a caching only server and going on to setting up a primary DNS server for a domain. For more complex setups you can check the qanda section of this document. If it's not described there you will need to read the Real Documentation. I'll get back to what this Real Documentation consists of in the last chapter.
Before you start on this you should configure your machine so that
you can telnet in and out of it, and successfully make all kinds of
connections to the net, and you should especially be able to do
telnet 127.0.0.1 and get your own machine (test it now!). You
also need good /etc/nsswitch.conf, /etc/resolv.conf
and /etc/hosts files as a starting point, since I will not
explain their function here. If you don't already have all this set
up and working the Networking-HOWTO and/or the
Networking-Overview-HOWTO.
When I say `your machine' I mean the machine you are trying to set up DNS on, not any other machine you might have that's involved in your networking effort.
I assume you're not behind any kind of firewall that blocks name queries. If you are you will need a special configuration --- see the section on qanda.
Name serving on Unix is done by a program called named. This
is a part of the ``BIND'' package which is coordinated by The Internet
Software Consortium. Named is included in most Linux
distributions and is usually installed as /usr/sbin/named,
usually from a package called BIND.
If you have a named you can probably use it; if you don't have one
you can get a binary off a Linux ftp site, or get the latest and
greatest source from
ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind/src/.
This HOWTO is about BIND version 8. The old version of the HOWTO,
about BIND 4, is still available at
http://www.math.uio.no/~janl/DNS/ in case you use BIND 4. If
the named man page talks about (at the very end, in the FILES section)
named.conf you have BIND 8; if it talks about named.boot you
have BIND 4. If you have 4 and are security conscious you really
ought to upgrade to the latest version of BIND 8. Now.
DNS is a net-wide database. Take care about what you put into it. If you put junk into it, you, and others, will get junk out of it. Keep your DNS tidy and consistent and you will get good service from it. Learn to use it, admin it, debug it and you will be another good admin keeping the net from falling to its knees by mismanagement.
Tip: Make backup copies of all the files I instruct you to change if you already have them, so that if after going through this nothing works you can get it back to your old, working state.