17. Appendix E Network admin Example

To get this file, in the web-browser, save this file as 'Text' type as network.lib

PHP: network adminstrator's best friend from http://www.phpWizard.net

As a web-developer, you're probably used to such lovely tools as ping, whois, nslookup etc. But what when you need one of those utilities at a client's office and have no access to telnet? Good guess. Time to look up the functions in the "Network" section of the PHP manual.

Socket operations:

The most important function there is fsockopen(). Using this function, you can connect to any open port on a server and establish a socket connection with it. The function's syntax is as following:

        int fsockopen(string hostname, int port, int [errno], string [errstr]);

So, you could use this function to open a connection to a webserver and print out the headers:

function get_headers($host, $path = "/")
{
        $fp = fsockopen ("$host", 80, &$errnr, &$errstr) or die("$errno: $errstr");
        fputs($fp,"GET $path HTTP/1.0\n\n");
        while (!$end)
        {
                $line = fgets($fp, 2048);
                if (trim($line) == "")
                        $end = true;
                else
                        echo $line;
        }
        fclose($fp);
}

Finger: Naturally, you can also open connections to other ports. Writing a small finger client with PHP is trivial therefore. Let's change the example from above to query a finger daemon:

function finger ($host, $user)
{
        $fp = fsockopen($host, 79, &$errno, &$errstr) or die("$errno: $errstr");
        fputs($fp, "$user\n");
        while (!feof($fp))
                echo fgets($fp, 128);
        fclose($fp);
}

Whois: Querying a whois server uses the same concept:

// domain is like "phpwizard.net"
function whois($domain, $server="whois.internic.net")
{
        $fp = fsockopen ($server, 43, &$errnr, &$errstr) or die("$errno: $errstr");
        fputs($fp, "$domain\n");
        while (!feof($fp))
                echo fgets($fp, 2048);
        fclose($fp);
}

Blocking and non-blocking operations: But there's a problem with all those functions. They work fine if

1. You have a conenction with low latency and
2. If the server you're connecting to is up and running. If not, your script will be busy until it times out. The reason for this is that default socket connections are blocking and don't time out. You can avoid these "hanging scripts" by switching to non-blocking socket operations. The function set_socket_blocking() does just that: it set all operations on a socket (first parameter: socket pointer) to either blocking (second parameter: true) or false (second parameter: false). Using non-blocking operations, the finger function would like like this:

        $fp = fsockopen($host, 79, &$errno, &$errstr) or die("$errno: [ ] $errstr");
        set_socket_blocking($fp, 0);
        fputs($fp, "$user\n");

        $stop = time() + $timeout;
        while (!feof($fp) && time() < $stop )
                echo fgets($fp, 128);
        fclose($fp);